Multi-region investigation of 'man' as default in attitudes

Author(s): Curtis Edward Phills, Jeremy K. Miller, Erin M. Buchanan, Amanda Williams, Chanel Meyers, Elizabeth R. Brown, Janis Zickfeld, Selina Volsa, Stefan Stieger, Elisabeth Oberzaucher, Vinka Mlakic, Martin Vasilev, İlker Dalgar, Sami Çoksan, Sinem Söylemez, Çağlar Solak, Asil Ali Özdoğru, Belemir Çoktok, Chun Chia Kung, Panita Suavansri, Harry Manley, Sara Álvarez-Solas, Danilo Zambrano Ricaurte, Ivan Ropovik, Gabriel Baník, Peter Babinčák, Matúš Adamkovič, Pavol Kačmár, Monika Hricová, Jozef Bavoľár, Lisa Li, Fei Gao, Zhong Chen, Vanja Ković, Vasilije Gvozdenović, Patrícia Arriaga, Katarzyna Filip, Krystian Barzykowski, Sylwia Adamus, Gerit Pfuhl, Sarah E. Martiny, Kristoffer Klevjer, Frederike S. Woelfert, Christian K. Tamnes, Jonas R. Kunst, Max Korbmacher, Margaret Messiah Singh, Sraddha Pradhan, Noorshama Parveen, Arti Parganiha, Babita Pande, Pratibha Kujur, Priyanka Chandel, Niv Reggev, Aviv Mokady, Marietta Papadatou-Pastou, Roxane Schnepper, Jan Philipp Röer, Tilli Ripp, Ekaterina Pronizius, Claus Lamm, Martin Voracek, Jerome Olsen, Janina Enachescu, Carlota Batres, Daniel Storage, Carmel A. Levitan, Manyu Li, Leigh Ann Vaughn, William J. Chopik, Kathleen Schmidt, Peter R. Mallik, Savannah Lewis, Brynna Leach, Brianna Jurosic, David Moreau, Izuchukwu Lawrence Gabriel Ndukaihe, Nwadiogo Chisom Arinze, Steve M.J. Janssen, Alicia Foo, Chrystalle B.Y. Tan, Glenn P. Williams, Danny Riis, Bethany M. Lane, Dermot Lynott, Thomas Rhys Evans, Miroslav Sirota, Dawn L. Holford, Kaitlyn M. Werner, Kelly Wang, Marina Milyavskaya, Ian D. Stephen, Robert M. Ross, Andrew Roberts, Omid Ghasemi, Niklas K. Steffens, Kim Peters, Barnaby Dixson, Marco Antonio Correa Varella, Jaroslava V. Valentova, Anthonieta Looman Mafra, Rafael Ming Chi Santos Hsu, Yago Luksevicius De Moraes, Luana Oliveira Da Silva, Caio Santos Alves Da Silva, Mai Helmy, Mariah Balderrama, Ali H. Al-Hoorie, Tyler McGee, Zahir Vally, Attila Szuts, Patrick Forscher, Pablo Bernabeu, Balazs Aczel, Anna Szabelska, Sau Chin Chen, Christopher R. Chartier, Zoltan Kekecs
Abstract: Previous research has studied the extent to which men are the default members of social groups in terms of memory, categorization, and stereotyping, but not attitudes which is critical because of attitudes’ relationship to behavior. Results from our survey (N>5000) collected via a globally distributed laboratory network in over 40 regions demonstrated that attitudes toward Black people and politicians had a stronger relationship with attitudes toward the men rather than the women of the group. However, attitudes toward White people had a stronger relationship with attitudes toward White women than White men, whereas attitudes toward East Asian people, police officers, and criminals did not have a stronger relationship with attitudes toward either the men or women of each respective group. Regional agreement with traditional gender roles was explored as a potential moderator. These findings have implications for understanding the unique forms of prejudice women face around the world.
Organisation(s): Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Department of Occupational, Economic and Social Psychology
External organisation(s): University of North Florida, Western Oregon University, Willamette University, Harrisburg University of Science and Technology, Waterloo Regional Police Service, Aarhus University, Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Bournemouth University, Ankara Medipol University, Erzurum Technical University, University of Western Ontario, Celal Bayar University, Marmara University, Üsküdar University, National Cheng Kung University, Chulalongkorn University, HELP University, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Fundacion Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Charles University Prague, University of Prešov, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, University of Jyväskylä, University of Macau, University of Belgrade, Iscte-University Institute of Lisbon , Jagiellonian University in Krakow, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , University of Oslo, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Franklin & Marshall College, University of Denver, Occidental College, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Ithaca College, Michigan State University, Ashland University, Hubbard Decision Research, Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike Ikwo, University of Nottingham Malaysia, University of Leicester, University of Sunderland, University of Abertay Dundee, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Coventry University, University of Essex, Carleton University Ottawa, Macquarie University, Nottingham Trent University, University of New South Wales, University of Queensland, University of the Sunshine Coast, Instituto Oceanográfico, Sultan Qaboos University, Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu, United Arab Emirates University, Eötvös Loránd University Budapest, University of Grenoble Alpes, Busara Center for Behavioral Economics, Lancaster University, Queen's University Belfast, Tzu-Chi University
Journal: PLoS ONE
Volume: 20
ISSN: 1932-6203
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0323938
Publication date: 06-2025
Peer reviewed: Yes
Austrian Fields of Science 2012: 501021 Social psychology
ASJC Scopus subject areas: General
Portal url: https://ucrisportal.univie.ac.at/en/publications/66104670-5d09-4f67-b28d-6f9ae5d32959