Filter Questions in Symptom Assessment Affect the Prevalence of (A)Symptomatic COVID-19 Cases

Author(s)
Robert Böhm, Philipp Sprengholz, Cornelia Betsch, Julia Partheymüller
Abstract

Background: It has been reported that a substantial number of COVID-19 infections are asymptomatic, with both symptomatic and asymptomatic infections contributing to transmission dynamics. Yet, the share of asymptomatic cases varies greatly across studies. One reason for this could be the measurement of symptoms in medical studies and surveys. Design: In 2 experimental survey studies (total N > 3,000) with participants from Germany and the United Kingdom, respectively, we varied the inclusion of a filter question on whether participants who tested positive for COVID-19 had experienced symptoms prior to presenting a checklist of symptoms. We measured the reporting of asymptomatic (versus symptomatic) COVID-19 infections. Results: The inclusion of a filter question increased the reporting of asymptomatic (versus symptomatic) COVID-19 infections. Particularly mild symptoms were underreported when using a filter question. Conclusions and implications: Filter questions affect the reporting of (a)symptomatic COVID-19 cases. To account for such differences in the estimation of population infection rates, future studies should transparently report the applied question format. Both symptomatic and asymptomatic infections are important for COVID-19 transmission dynamics. In previous research, symptoms have been assessed either with or without a filter question prior to presenting a symptom list. We show that filter questions reduce the reporting of asymptomatic infections. Particularly mild symptoms are underreported when using a filter question.

Organisation(s)
Department of Occupational, Economic and Social Psychology, Department of Government
External organisation(s)
Universität Erfurt
Journal
Medical Decision Making
Volume
43
Pages
530-534
No. of pages
5
ISSN
0272-989X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X231158380
Publication date
2023
Peer reviewed
Yes
Austrian Fields of Science 2012
303026 Public health, 501006 Experimental psychology, 504007 Empirical social research
Keywords
ASJC Scopus subject areas
Health Policy
Sustainable Development Goals
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
Portal url
https://ucrisportal.univie.ac.at/en/publications/filter-questions-in-symptom-assessment-affect-the-prevalence-of-asymptomatic-covid19-cases(28c81e37-78ee-429e-8c4e-d342ae9fa806).html